Ballet Basics Glossary
Stepping into the world of ballet can feel like learning a new language. With its rich history and French origins, ballet has developed a unique vocabulary that can initially seem intimidating. To help you navigate your journey, we’ve created this handy glossary of essential ballet terms. Whether you’re a beginner or brushing up on your knowledge, these definitions will give you the confidence to step into the studio with ease.
Plié (plee-AY)
Meaning "bent" or "folded," a plié is the foundation of many ballet movements. It involves bending the knees while keeping the heels on the floor (in most cases). Pliés can be performed in all positions and help build strength, flexibility, and control. They are categorised as either demi-plié (half bend) or grand plié (full bend).
Tendu (tahn-DEW)
Tendu translates to "stretched." This movement involves extending the foot to a pointed position, either forward, sideward, or backward, while keeping the toes in contact with the floor. It’s a fundamental step for improving precision and articulation.
Port de Bras (por duh BRAH)
Literally meaning "carriage of the arms," port de bras refers to the graceful movements of the arms through various positions. It’s essential for expressing emotion and enhancing the overall fluidity of a dancer’s performance.
Arabesque (ah-rah-BESK)
One of the most recognisable poses in ballet, an arabesque involves balancing on one leg while extending the other leg straight behind the body. The arms are usually positioned to create elegant lines, complementing the pose.
Relevé (reh-luh-VAY)
Relevé means "raised" and involves rising onto the balls of the feet or toes. This movement is key to developing balance and calf strength and is often incorporated into turns and poses.
Jeté (zhuh-TAY)
Meaning "thrown," a jeté is a leap where the dancer jumps from one foot to the other, with the legs extending outward in a split-like position. Jetés are dynamic and showcase a dancer’s power and grace.
Chassé (sha-SAY)
Chassé means "chased." This movement involves one foot chasing the other in a sliding motion. It’s often used as a connecting step in choreography and can be performed in various directions.
Pirouette (peer-oo-ET)
A pirouette is a turn on one leg, often executed with the other leg in retiré (raised and bent at the knee). It requires control, spotting (focusing on one point while turning), and core strength.
Demi-Pointe (duh-MEE pwant)
Demi-pointe refers to standing on the balls of the feet rather than the full pointe. It’s a crucial stage for building strength before advancing to pointe work.
Rond de Jambe (rawn duh zhahmb)
Translating to "circle of the leg," rond de jambe involves tracing a circular motion with the working leg. It can be performed on the ground (en terre) or in the air (en l'air) and helps to develop hip mobility and fluidity.
Assemblé (ah-sahm-BLAY)
Assemblé means "assembled." It’s a jump where the dancer brushes one foot into the air and then brings both feet together in the air before landing. Assemblés require precision and strength.
Adagio (ah-DAHZH-yo)
Adagio refers to slow, controlled movements, often performed in centre work. These exercises develop balance, strength, and fluidity, emphasising grace and control.
Allegro (ah-LEH-gro)
In contrast to adagio, allegro refers to brisk, lively movements, typically jumps and quick footwork. It showcases a dancer’s energy and lightness.
Échappé (ay-sha-PAY)
Meaning "escaped," échappé involves jumping from a closed position (e.g., first or fifth position) to an open position (e.g., second or fourth position). It’s often performed on demi-pointe or in the air.
Fondu (fon-DEW)
Fondu means "melted" and refers to lowering the body by bending the supporting leg. It’s a smooth, flowing movement that builds coordination and strength.
Frappé (frah-PAY)
Frappé means "struck" and involves striking the floor with the ball of the foot to extend the leg outward. This sharp movement helps develop speed and precision.
Pas de Deux (pah duh DEUH)
This term means "step of two" and refers to a duet between two dancers, typically showcasing intricate lifts, turns, and collaborative movements.
Final Thoughts
Understanding these terms is a fantastic step towards immersing yourself in the art of ballet. While the vocabulary might seem overwhelming at first, practice and repetition will make these words second nature. Remember, every expert was once a beginner, and each of these terms is a building block on your journey to becoming a confident dancer.
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